Author Guidelines

In-Text Citation Table

Prepared according to APA 7

Durum

Parantez içi atıf

Anlatı içi atıf

Tek yazarlı kaynak

(Kaya, 2019)
(Smith, 2019)

Kaya (2019)
Smith (2019)

İki yazarlı kaynak

(Demir & Acar, 2021)
(Smith & Brown, 2021)

Demir ve Acar (2021)
Smith and Brown (2021)

Üç veya daha fazla yazarlı kaynak

(Öztürk vd., 2022)
(Johnson et al., 2022)

Öztürk vd. (2022)
Johnson et al. (2022)

Kurum yazarlı kaynak — kısaltmasız

(Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı, 2020)
(World Health Organization, 2020)

Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2020)
World Health Organization (2020)

Kurum yazarlı kaynak — ilk atıf

(Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı [MEB], 2020)
(World Health Organization [WHO], 2020)

Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB, 2020)
World Health Organization (WHO, 2020)

Kurum yazarlı kaynak — sonraki atıflar

(MEB, 2020)
(WHO, 2020)

MEB (2020)
WHO (2020)

Yayın yılı bulunmayan kaynak

(Aydın, n.d.)
(Brown, n.d.)

Aydın (n.d.)
Brown (n.d.)

Yazarı olmayan makale veya web sayfası

(“Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar”, 2018)

“Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar” (2018)

Yazarı olmayan kitap veya rapor

(Türkiye’de Eğitim Politikaları, 2020)

Türkiye’de Eğitim Politikaları (2020)

Aynı parantezde birden fazla kaynak

(Aksoy, 2017; Demir, 2019; Yıldız, 2020)

Aksoy (2017), Demir (2019) ve Yıldız (2020)

Aynı yazarın aynı yıldaki birden fazla eseri

(Korkmaz, 2021a, 2021b)

Korkmaz (2021a, 2021b)

Belirli bir sayfaya gönderme

(Şahin, 2020, s. 45)
(Brown, 2020, p. 45)

Şahin (2020, s. 45)
Brown (2020, p. 45)

Birden fazla sayfaya gönderme

(Şahin, 2020, ss. 45–46)
(Brown, 2020, pp. 45–46)

Şahin (2020, ss. 45–46)
Brown (2020, pp. 45–46)

Kısa doğrudan alıntı — 40 kelimeden az

“…” (Şahin, 2020, s. 45).

Şahin’e (2020) göre “…” (s. 45).

Uzun doğrudan alıntı — 40 kelime veya daha fazla

Blok alıntı metni.
(Şahin, 2020, ss. 45–46)

Şahin’in (2020) açıklaması şöyledir:
[Blok alıntı]
(ss. 45–46)

Çeviri eser

(Piaget, 1923/2013)

Piaget’nin (1923/2013) çalışması

İkincil kaynaktan aktarma

(Piaget, 1952, akt. Kaya, 2021)

Piaget’nin görüşü (1952, akt. Kaya, 2021)

 

Author Guidelines

Manuscripts submitted to the SEBİLÜRREŞAD AKADEMİ Journal of Social Sciences must be prepared in accordance with the formatting, citation, referencing, ethical, and similarity requirements set out in these guidelines.

The Journal follows the APA 7th edition for in-text citations and reference lists. In Turkish-language manuscripts, Turkish conjunctions may be used in narrative citations; however, the standard APA 7 punctuation and symbol system must be followed in parenthetical citations and reference-list entries.

1. In-Text Citation Rules

1.1. One Author

Parenthetical citation

  • (Kaya, 2019)

  • (Smith, 2019)

Narrative citation

  • Kaya (2019)

  • Smith (2019)

1.2. Two Authors

In parenthetical citations, an ampersand “&” must be used between the two authors’ surnames.

Parenthetical citation

  • (Demir & Acar, 2021)

  • (Smith & Brown, 2021)

  • (Demir & Smith, 2021)

In Turkish narrative citations, the conjunction “ve” may be used; in English narrative citations, the conjunction “and” must be used.

Narrative citation

  • Demir ve Acar (2021)

  • Smith and Brown (2021)

  • Demir ve Smith (2021)

1.3. Three or More Authors

For works with three or more authors, only the surname of the first author is included from the first citation onward.

The abbreviation “vd.” is used in Turkish-language manuscripts, whereas “et al.” is used in English-language manuscripts.

Parenthetical citation

  • (Öztürk vd., 2022)

  • (Johnson et al., 2022)

Narrative citation

  • Öztürk vd. (2022)

  • Johnson et al. (2022)

1.4. Group Author Without an Abbreviation

Parenthetical citation

  • (Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı, 2020)

  • (World Health Organization, 2020)

Narrative citation

  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (2020)

  • World Health Organization (2020)

1.5. Group Author: First Citation With an Abbreviation

First parenthetical citation

  • (Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı [MEB], 2020)

  • (World Health Organization [WHO], 2020)

First narrative citation

  • Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB, 2020)

  • World Health Organization (WHO, 2020)

1.6. Group Author: Subsequent Citations

Parenthetical citation

  • (MEB, 2020)

  • (WHO, 2020)

Narrative citation

  • MEB (2020)

  • WHO (2020)

1.7. Source Without a Publication Date

For sources without a publication date, the abbreviation “n.d.” must be used in both Turkish- and English-language manuscripts.

Parenthetical citation

  • (Aydın, n.d.)

  • (Brown, n.d.)

Narrative citation

  • Aydın (n.d.)

  • Brown (n.d.)

1.8. Source Without an Author

Where no author is identified, the in-text citation must be based on the title of the source.

Titles of articles, web pages, or book chapters must be placed in quotation marks, whereas titles of stand-alone works such as books and reports must be italicised.

Parenthetical citation

  • (“Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar,” 2018)

  • (“Early Childhood Education,” 2018)

Narrative citation

  • “Okul Öncesi Eğitimde Yeni Yaklaşımlar” (2018)

  • “Early Childhood Education” (2018)

1.9. Multiple Sources in the Same Parentheses

When multiple sources are cited within the same parentheses, they must be listed alphabetically and separated by semicolons.

Parenthetical citation

  • (Aksoy, 2017; Demir, 2019; Yıldız, 2020)

  • (Brown, 2016; Johnson, 2021; Smith, 2018)

Narrative citation

  • Aksoy (2017), Demir (2019), and Yıldız (2020)

  • Brown (2016), Johnson (2021), and Smith (2018)

1.10. Multiple Works by the Same Author Published in the Same Year

Multiple works by the same author published in the same year must be distinguished by the letters “a,” “b,” “c,” and so forth.

Parenthetical citation

  • (Korkmaz, 2021a, 2021b)

  • (Taylor, 2021a, 2021b)

Narrative citation

  • Korkmaz (2021a, 2021b)

  • Taylor (2021a, 2021b)

1.11. Short Direct Quotation

Direct quotations of fewer than forty words must be enclosed in quotation marks. The author, year, and page number must be provided.

Parenthetical citation

  • “…” (Şahin, 2020, p. 45).

  • “…” (Brown, 2020, p. 45).

Narrative citation

  • According to Şahin (2020), “…” (p. 45).

  • Brown (2020) stated that “…” (p. 45).

1.12. Long Direct Quotation

Direct quotations of forty words or more must be presented as a separate indented paragraph without quotation marks.

The source information must be provided at the end of the block quotation.

Parenthetical citation

  • (Şahin, 2020, pp. 45–46)

  • (Brown, 2020, pp. 45–46)

Narrative citation

  • Şahin (2020) explained the issue as follows:
    [Block quotation]
    (pp. 45–46)

  • Brown (2020) explained the issue as follows:
    [Block quotation]
    (pp. 45–46)

Citation types not included in this list must be formatted in accordance with APA 7.

SEBİLÜRREŞAD AKADEMİ Reference Style Guide

The reference list must be presented alphabetically at the end of the manuscript.

Every source included in the reference list must be cited in the text, and every source cited in the text must appear in the reference list.

A hanging indent must be used for all reference-list entries.

In the titles of articles, books, theses, and reports, only the first word of the title, proper nouns, and the first word following a colon must begin with a capital letter.

Journal titles and volume numbers must be italicised.

Where a DOI is available, it must be presented in URL format.

2. Journal Article

Demir, A., & Kaya, B. (2021). Okul öncesi dönemde örüntü becerilerinin gelişimi. Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 15(2), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.0000/abcd.2021.001

Yılmaz, A., Demir, B., & Acar, C. (2022). Okul öncesinde problem çözme becerilerinin yordayıcıları. Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1), 10–29. https://doi.org/10.0000/ebd.2022.010

Smith, J., & Brown, K. (2020). Social cognition in early childhood. Journal of Social Sciences, 12(1), 10–25. https://doi.org/10.0000/jss.2020.123

Smith, J., Brown, K., & Johnson, P. (2021). Home learning environments and early math. Journal of Early Education, 9(3), 200–219. https://doi.org/10.0000/jee.2021.200

3. Book

Gül, S. (2019). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). SAGE.

4. Chapter in an Edited Book

Yıldız, M. (2020). Okul öncesinde matematik öğrenme ortamları. In A. Demir & B. Kaya (Eds.), Erken çocuklukta eğitim (pp. 85–110). Pegem Akademi.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Making human beings human. In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: Bioecological perspectives on human development (pp. 3–15). SAGE.

5. Edited Book

Demir, A., & Kaya, B. (Eds.). (2020). Erken çocuklukta eğitim. Pegem Akademi.

Rogers, C. R., & Stevens, B. (Eds.). (1967). Person to person: The problem of being human. Real People Press.

6. Thesis or Dissertation

Çetin, E. (2021). Okul öncesi dönemde aritmetik ev ortamı ve matematik becerileri [Master’s thesis, Ankara University]. YÖK National Thesis Center. URL

Lee, S. (2019). Parental involvement and early math outcomes [Doctoral dissertation, University of X]. Repository or Database Name. URL

For unpublished theses and dissertations that are not available online, the database and URL information must be omitted.

7. Published Conference Paper

Aksoy, N. (2020). Okul öncesi dönemde problem çözme becerileri. In E. Yılmaz (Ed.), Ulusal Eğitim Kongresi bildiri kitabı (pp. 120–130). XYZ Yayınları.

Johnson, P. (2021). Early numeracy interventions. In R. Smith (Ed.), Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Education (pp. 55–62). Publisher. https://doi.org/10.0000/proc.2021.010

8. Unpublished Conference Paper or Presentation

Kaya, B. (2022, May 12). Okul öncesi dönemde sayı hissi [Conference presentation]. 5th International Congress on Education, Istanbul, Türkiye.

Brown, K. (2023, March 15). Digital play and learning [Conference presentation]. Annual Meeting of X, London, United Kingdom.

9. Report

Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2020). Eğitim istatistikleri raporu. URL

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2022). Education at a glance 2022: OECD indicators. URL

Where the group author and the publisher are the same, the publisher’s name must not be repeated.

10. Web Page

World Health Organization. (2023, May 10). Early childhood development. URL

Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2022, November 3). Eğitim istatistikleri. URL

A retrieval date may be included where the content of a web page is continuously updated and no archived version is available.

11. Online Newspaper Article

Yılmaz, S. (2024, January 18). Okul öncesi eğitimde yeni düzenleme. Gazete Adı. URL

Smith, J. (2024, January 18). New policy in early education. Newspaper Name. URL

12. Legislation

Türk Ceza Kanunu [Turkish Penal Code], Law No. 5237. (2004, October 12). Resmî Gazete [Official Gazette] (No. 25611). URL

Millî Eğitim Temel Kanunu [Basic Law of National Education], Law No. 1739. (1973, June 24). Resmî Gazete [Official Gazette] (No. 14574). URL

13. Regulation or Directive

Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Okul Öncesi Eğitim ve İlköğretim Kurumları Yönetmeliği [Regulation on Preschool Education and Primary Education Institutions of the Ministry of National Education]. (2014, July 26). Resmî Gazete [Official Gazette] (No. 29072). URL

14. Translated Book

Piaget, J. (2013). Çocukta dil ve düşünme (A. Soyad, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published 1923)

Vygotsky, L. S. (2018). Düşünme ve dil (B. Soyad, Trans.). Publisher. (Original work published 1934)

In-text citations may include both the year of the original work and the year of the translated edition:

  • (Piaget, 1923/2013)

  • (Vygotsky, 1934/2018)

15. Data Set

Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. (2021). Hanehalkı Bütçe Araştırması 2021 [Data set]. URL

World Bank. (2020). World Development Indicators [Data set]. URL

Reference types not included in this list must be formatted in accordance with APA 7.

Plagiarism and Similarity Policy

The SEBİLÜRREŞAD AKADEMİ Journal of Social Sciences adopts a zero-tolerance approach to all forms of academic misconduct, including plagiarism, self-plagiarism, data and citation manipulation, duplicate publication, and copyright infringement, in order to safeguard academic integrity and the reliability of the scholarly record.

A similarity report must be generated through Turnitin for every manuscript submitted to the Journal. Authors are required to upload a current Turnitin similarity report to the submission system together with the manuscript file. The Editorial Office may generate a new Turnitin similarity report whenever deemed necessary.

Excluding the reference list, the overall similarity rate of a manuscript must not exceed 25%. Manuscripts with a similarity rate above 25%, excluding the reference list, will not be taken into evaluation and will be returned to the author.

The similarity rate alone is not a definitive indicator of whether plagiarism is present. The nature, extent, and location of the overlap, as well as whether the relevant material has been appropriately cited, will also be assessed.

Standard expressions used in the methodology section, statutory or regulatory language, and terminology required by the discipline will not be evaluated in the same manner as original expression in the theoretical framework, findings, discussion, and conclusion sections.

Even where the overall similarity rate is below 25%, extensive or prolonged overlap with a single source, uncited matches, consecutive passages of similar wording, self-plagiarism, and other elements that undermine the originality of the manuscript may be treated as ethical violations.

The following practices may be regarded as plagiarism or related forms of academic misconduct:

  • Reproducing text, ideas, data, figures, images, or tables from another work without attribution or with misleading attribution,

  • Reproducing substantial portions of another work directly or with only minor modifications, even where the source is cited,

  • Presenting the author’s previously published text, data, or findings as a new study without appropriate citation and disclosure,

  • Using fabricated, misleading, or irrelevant references,

  • Adding references for the purpose of artificially increasing citation counts,

  • Using scales, images, tables, maps, archival documents, or other third-party materials without the necessary permissions or in violation of copyright or licensing requirements.

Where artificial intelligence or automated text-generation tools have been used in the preparation of the manuscript, the purpose and scope of such use must be disclosed transparently. Authors remain fully responsible for the scientific accuracy, originality, referencing, and ethical compliance of the manuscript.

Where similarity or plagiarism is suspected, the Editorial Office will examine the Turnitin report on a section-by-section and source-by-source basis.

Where deemed necessary, authors may be required to undertake one or more of the following actions:

  • Provide an explanation,

  • Strengthen the citation and referencing,

  • Revise direct quotations in accordance with APA 7,

  • Rewrite the relevant sections,

  • Submit permission documents,

  • Disclose any previous version of the work, including a thesis, conference paper, preprint, or similar publication.

Where the requested explanations or revisions are found to be insufficient, or where an ethical violation is confirmed, the manuscript will be rejected.

Where an allegation of plagiarism or another ethical violation arises after publication, the Editorial Office will conduct the necessary investigation.

Depending on the findings of the investigation, one or more of the following measures may be taken:

  • Publication of a correction,

  • Publication of an expression of concern,

  • Retraction of the article,

  • Notification of the relevant institution or competent authority.

In the event of retraction, the scholarly record will be preserved. The retraction decision and its grounds will be clearly indicated on the article page.

This policy is implemented with reference to the guidelines and good-practice recommendations issued by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).